10 papers reviewed
Progesterone & Luteal Phase
2025 · RCT · 1 of 10
Progesterone Luteal Support in Natural Cycles for Unexplained Infertility: A Randomized Controlled Trial (The PiNC Trial)
Sunkara SK et al. · PMC / Reproductive Sciences
Trial unable to demonstrate a significant increase in live birth rates with exogenous luteal phase progesterone supplementation vs no treatment in couples with unexplained infertility. No significant differences in biochemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, or miscarriage.
Read the paper ↗2015 · review · 2 of 10
Progesterone administration for luteal phase deficiency in human reproduction: an old or new issue?
Tavaniotou A et al. · Journal of Ovarian Research
No RCTs investigating progesterone supplementation specifically for LPD exist; reproducible diagnostic tests for LPD are lacking. Scientific debate remains open on protocols, routes, dosing, and timing.
Read the paper ↗2021 · guideline · 3 of 10
Diagnosis and treatment of luteal phase deficiency: a committee opinion (2021)
ASRM Practice Committee · Fertility and Sterility (ASRM)
ASRM committee opinion on LPD diagnosis and treatment. Acknowledges diagnostic challenges but recognizes that inadequate luteal function can impair fertility and pregnancy maintenance.
Read the paper ↗2022 · systematic review / meta-analysis · 4 of 10
The effect of progesterone supplementation for luteal phase support in natural cycle frozen embryo transfer: a systematic review and meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials
Wang Y et al. · Fertility and Sterility
Progesterone supplementation in natural cycle FET increased live birth rate in some analyzes. LPD in natural cycles is considered rare but may affect outcomes when present.
Read the paper ↗2004 · cohort · 5 of 10
Mid-luteal serum progesterone and estradiol levels as predictors of pregnancy in IVF-ET cycles
Various · Fertility and Sterility
Mid-luteal progesterone >15 ng/mL increased odds of pregnancy 3.2-fold. Progesterone and estradiol levels were significantly higher in pregnant vs non-pregnant patients.
Read the paper ↗2013 · cohort · 6 of 10
The role of midluteal progesterone for the prediction of pregnancy after ovulation induction with clomiphene citrate for unexplained infertility
Various · Fertility and Sterility
Mid-luteal progesterone >22.5 ng/mL had 67.8% positive predictive value for pregnancy; values below had 81.2% negative predictive value. Demonstrates progesterone as a predictive marker.
Read the paper ↗2023 · cohort · 7 of 10
Does mid-luteal progesterone predict pregnancy in intrauterine insemination cycles following sequential clomiphene citrate and gonadotropin treatment?
Various · Medicine
Mid-luteal progesterone did not predict pregnancy in IUI cycles with combined CC+gonadotropin stimulation. Context matters: predictive value depends on the specific treatment protocol.
Read the paper ↗2016 · systematic review / meta-analysis · 8 of 10
Progesterone vs. synthetic progestins and the risk of breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Asi N et al. · Systematic Reviews
Natural (bioidentical) progesterone was not associated with increased breast cancer risk, while synthetic progestins (especially MPA) showed elevated risk. Supports preference for bioidentical progesterone.
Read the paper ↗2008 · guideline · 9 of 10
Progesterone supplementation during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy in the treatment of infertility: an educational bulletin
ASRM Practice Committee · Fertility and Sterility
ASRM educational bulletin on progesterone use in luteal phase and early pregnancy. Provides framework for when supplementation is indicated vs empiric.
Read the paper ↗2024 · clinical commentary · 10 of 10
Luteal Phase Progesterone: Why Day 21 Testing Misses the Mark
RRM Academy · RRM Academy Commentary
Cycle-timed P+7 testing anchored to actual ovulation is the only method that accurately measures luteal function. Standard day 21 testing assumes a 28-day cycle and misses the post-ovulatory window in most women. NaPro serial mapping reveals deficiencies a single draw would miss.
Read the paper ↗A paper's presence documents the evidence reviewed; it does not mean Filia endorses every intervention or conclusion.